Polyphony Occurs When Several Meters Are Played Simultaneously

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MUSIC APPRECIATION - ASSIGNMENTS::::::::TEXTURE,HARMONY and FORMTEXTURETexturehas to do with the way various musical sounds and melodiclines blend. It is the interrelationship of voices and instruments.When hearing texture in music one must ask oneself how manymelodies are occurring and how are they related? The threetextures in music are. A composition can start in one textureand move freely into another.MonophonicPolyphonicHomophonicMONOPHONICOne main melody. (mono=one, phony=sound). A single-line melodyunadorned and unaccompanied.

Often monophonic texture is notenough information to continue to hold ones attention as anartistic experience. The exceptions are vocal chants such asplainsong and certain pieces sung a cappella such as, AmazingGrace.POLYPHONICTwoor more melodies of equal importance played or sung simultaneously.The term frequently applied to polyphonic texture is counterpointor contrapuntal. There are two types of polyphony.IMITATIVEPOLYPHONYMelodiclines sounding together with the same or quite similar melodiesat staggered time intervals. Strict imitative polyphony usesthe same melody that copies itself which is called canon orround. In non-strict imitative polyphony you hear imitationbut it is not the exact melody chasing itself but a very similarone.NON-IMITATIVEPOLYPHONYTwocompletely different melodies going on at the same time. Twodistinctly different melodic layers floating in and out ofeach other.HOMOPHONICOnemain melody of real interest combined with other sounds thatare markedly subsidiary.

The 'melody and accompaniment'of music. One main melody with every thing else accompaniment.A principal melodic line with subordinate sounds used as supportiveaccompaniment. HARMONYThesimultaneous sounding of two or more pitches. Anotherword for harmony is chord. A chord usually consists ofthree notes that make up what is called a triad. A triadconsists of a root (the note that the chord is named after)a third (the note three steps away from the root) anda fifth (the note five steps away from the root). 1 35 = triad.Harmoniesor chords can support a melody by sounding together verticallyin time.

Or, when two or more melodies overlap, the pointof simultaneous sound is where the harmony occurs. Thatis a more horizontal relationship.MELODYHARMONYWhennotes or a chord or harmony sound simultaneously it can producestability or tension. These two types of harmonies are referredto as:CONSONANCEHarmonythat is stable, non active, agreeable, free of tension, blendingand resolved.DISSONANCEHarmonythat is unstable, in opposition, conflicting, jarring andunresolved. A dissonant chord leaves the listener with a feelingof expectation.

It takes a consonant chord to complete thegesture created by a dissonance. Most good music has a combinationof consonance and dissonance.Harmonies move in progressions that help form the key of apiece. Each key is positioned around a tonic and harmony canbe formed from the tonic note or any other scale degree.Harmonies can also help to change the key of a composition,when necessary.

The processes of changing keys in music iscalled modulation. Harmonylike scales can be major or minor and classical music usesthose two primarily but eventually you will hear about orget to know diminished, half-diminished, augmented, dominantseventh and many more types of chords or harmonies.FORMFormrelates to the organization of music, its structure or plan.A compositions ideas in time creates its form.

The form ofa composition also has to do with its shape, arrangement andrelationship of various musical elements. Form is perceivedin terms of repetition, contrast, or variation. Form is usuallydiagrammed with letters to indicate how sections relate toeach other through statement, departure or return. Composersneed some structure to their pieces. It is easier for a composerto be creative when there is some guideline to follow. Beloware some of the basic forms.

There are five basic forms forwhich much of music is organized in.STROPHI CThemusical form having one section only with the same music playedor sung on each repeat; diagrammed as A.Inthe popular spiritual 'Amazing Grace' the changinglyrics holds the listeners attention while the melody staysthe same with each verse.A. Throughmany dangers, toils and snares.we have already come.T'was Grace that brought us safe thus far.and Grace will lead us home.BINARYThemusical form having two contrasting sections, a first statementfollowed by a contrasting statement; diagrammed as AB forexample the folk song 'TwinkleTwinkle Little Star.' AOh,say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's lastleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars,thro' the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watch'd,were so gallantly streaming? Andthe rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting inair,Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was stillthere.O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of thebrave?Listento Ternary form in Beethoven's piano piece, 'Eccosaise.' The A sectionThe B sectionThe AB and then return to A sectionTERNARYThethree part musical form in which the last section repeatsthe first. A musical form having a departure from the firstsection and then a return of the first section; diagrammedABA. For example the folk song 'TwinkleTwinkle LittleStar.'

Twinkle,twinkle little starHow I wonder what you are.VARIATIONThemusical form or repeating a clearly defined melody (theme)and successively changing it artfully and cleverly withoutever losing touch with the original melody. In variation form,as each section re-dresses the main theme, the main themeis always present in the listener's ear; diagrammed asATherewas a man lived in the moon,lived in the moon, lived in the moon,Therewas a man lived in the moon,And his name was Aiken Drum;Andhe played upon a ladle,a ladle, a ladle,Andhe played upon a ladle,And his name was Aiken Drum.

What is monophony, polyphony, homophony, monody etc.? What is monophony, polyphony, homophony, monody etc.?The terms monophony and polyphony have verystraight-forward literal meanings. Monophonymeans music with a single 'part' and a 'part'typically means a single vocal melody, but it could mean a singlemelody on an instrument of one kind or another. Polyphonymeans music with more than one part, and so this indicates simultaneousnotes.In practice, these simple definitions can be blurred by variousperformance techniques or refined by other terms. The principalexample of monophony is, with its singleunaccompanied vocal melody. When sung by multiple voices inunison (i.e.

The same pitch), this music is still consideredmonophonic. When doubled at the octave or other interval,as is done not infrequently in practice, it is arguably homophonic(see below). However, this is the sort of precision which onlyplainchant specialists would typically consider important. Anotherimportant example of monophonic music is therepertory.Although the surviving musical sources are monophonic, theyare often performed with accompaniment today. Literally speaking,this would make them monody in practice (see below). Finally,the music of e.g.is also monophonic, and of course closely related toplainchant.Although polyphony literally means more than one sound,and so any example of non- unison doubling or accompanimentwould be polyphony in the strict denotational sense, theword generally has a more specific connotation.

Namely, it suggeststhat there is melodic interest in each part, and rhythmic distinctionbetween each part. It frequently implies even rhythmic independence.Homophony, in contrast, implies no such independence.In homophonic music, multiple parts generally move in thesame rhythm. This could also be called chordal music. Onecould therefore suggest that early note-against-note organumis homophonic, but the word is not generally used in thatcontext.There is often some confusion between the terms monophonyand monody.

Monody is a term with a definitehistorical origin. The 16th century madrigal was a polyphonicsecular song form, with melodic interest shared between the (mostfrequently 5) voices. In the development of the more soloisticstyle which was one of the driving forces in the origin of the, and with it, emphasis was shiftedto a single upper line for melodic interest as accompaniedby instrumental parts to fill a harmonic texture. In a prototypicalexample, the latter could be chords on a lute.

Polyphony Occurs When Several Meters Are Played Simultaneously Tv

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Polyphony Occurs When Several Meters Are Played Simultaneously Today

Monody wasthe name given to this style. From this perspective, one mightnote that even recent orchestral music is frequently monodic:i.e., a primary melody in the upper range accompanied harmonically.There is some lingering overlap between the terms homophonyand monody. The term monody emphasizes the distinctor soloistic role of the main melody, while the term homophonyemphasizes the concord and alignment between voices in the texture.In practice, it may be difficult to give many sections of 'commonpractice' music one label or the other. The quodlibetis frequently in quintessential homophonic form, as is thelater 'barber shop' music.Another term which sometimes appears is heterophony.Heterophony means that multiple parts use the samemelody, but at somewhat different times. In other words, it islike doubling, but not at the same time.

The term heterophonywas invented to distinguish many world musical styles from Westernpolyphony, and so is sometimes considered prejudicial. Itdoes, however, designate a more specific kind of polyphony.In heterophony, generally speaking, any vertical alignmentof intervals is coincidental and not important. This is asdistinguished from a fugue or other imitative forms, whichwe might otherwise term heterophonic.Finally, some discussion of when these words appeared in theEnglish language may shed further light on the nuances of theirmeanings. Monody appeared in print in 1589, aspart of the original discussion of this music when it was new.Homophony appeared with Burney in 1776, emphasizingthe concord of harmonized melody.

Polyphony Occurs When Several Meters Are Played Simultaneously In Word

Polyphonyappeared in 1864 to distinguish certain contrapuntal sections fromhomophony. Monophony appeared in 1890, asthe clear analog to polyphony.

Heterophonyfinally appeared in 1919, as a term to apply to music of othercultures, as noted. This sequence illustrates that the concept ofaccompaniment has always been central to monodicmusic, and that monophonic music per se was distinguishedonly later.Addendum on contrapuntal or counterpoint: When this wordfirst appeared in (Latin) theory around 1300, it designatednote-against-note writing which we might call homophonictoday (I emphasize 'might' because this style usuallyhad melodic interest in each part, rather than a main line andaccompaniment) as opposed to what was then the more typicalpolyphonic style. Today, the meaning of contrapuntalis virtually reversed: It indicates a polyphonic texture,often with rhythmic independence. This is only one of the ironieswhich can continue to cause confusion in the use of these termsfor music of different eras.The above appears to have been written in March 2000, and forwhatever reason, has become one of the most read pages on the site.It also appears that I never really went back & did some copyediting, and the syntax sometimes makes me cringe — as I lookback at my writing again after all these years (here in 2019). I'mtempted to edit it (purely for syntax), but I guess I'll swallowmy pride, and leave it as is for historical reasons.To Todd M.